(TNND) — Despite public concerns about data centers, a new National Association of Realtors report found no single, clear effect on local housing markets.

“Instead, the story varies significantly depending on the local market,” NAR Chief Economist Lawrence Yun said in a news release. “The number of data centers alone does not tell us what will happen to home values, jobs or utility costs.”

NAR said it combined national, state and county-level data analysis with a survey of Realtors working in local markets to get a fuller picture of how data centers affect their residential neighbors.

Counties with more data centers generally have higher home values, higher incomes and stronger long-term job growth, NAR said. But it also said many of those places were already tech hubs before the surge in data centers.

NAR said it doesn’t have evidence that data center clusters themselves were the drivers of higher home values, though it said the median home value in counties with 10 or more data centers was nearly $432,000 compared to $174,500 in counties with none.

Data centers are highly concentrated in a small number of markets, NAR said. Over 90% of counties have no mapped data centers, according to the report.

Some of the largest clusters are in Northern Virginia, Silicon Valley, central Ohio, the Phoenix area and central Washington.

NAR said perceptions of the residential impact from data centers were mixed, with a quarter of surveyed Realtors seeing positive effects on nearby home values and 22% seeing negative ones.

Realtors did voice client concerns over energy costs and water use from data centers.

Brookings Metro senior fellow Mark Muro, an expert in the digital economy, said data center construction can give a real but temporary boost to an area’s wages and housing.